Semi Truck
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From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia A semi-trailer
truck, also known as a semi, tractor-trailer, or (in the United Kingdom and
Ireland) articulated truck or articulated lorry, often abbreviated to artic,
is an articulated vehicle consisting of a towing engine (tractor in the
United States, prime mover in Australia, tractor unit in Ireland and truck
in the UK, Canada and New Zealand), and a semi-trailer (plus possible
additional trailers) that carries the freight.
Colloquial terms for semi-trailer truck include truck and trailer, transfer
truck, 18-wheeler, semi, Diesel, Mack truck (named for a prominent brand),
big rig (US), transport (Canada), artic (UK and Ireland), lorry (UK) and
juggernaut (UK).
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In North America, semi tractors usually have 3
axles, the front, or "steer", axle having two wheels, and each of the two
rear, "drive", axles having a pair of "dualies" (double) wheels on each
side. Thus, the most common configuration of tractor has 10 wheels, however
in some cases dual wheels are replaced by tires known as "super singles"
(see below), or wide-base singles, to reduce the weight of the tractor. (The
weight reduction is about 180 lbs per axle when using super singles). In
this case the tractor will only have six wheels. A smaller tractor, having a
single drive axle (six wheeler) is often used to pull shorter trailers in
tight urban environments, such as downtown areas where a 60-foot rig would
be too difficult to maneuver. These tractors are referred to as day cabs and
do not have sleepers.
The cargo trailer usually has two "tandem" axles at the rear, each of which
has dual wheels, or 8 wheels on the trailer. Many trailers are equipped with
movable tandems and fifth wheels that can be set to adjust the weight on
each axle to stay within legal limits.
Although the cargo's weight added to the semi's weight can equal a certain
amount of gross some roads are marked with a different gross restriction so
the roads are not damaged. Cargoes that exceed allowed weights are usually
marked with overweight load and must obtain a permit to use certain roads.
Rules governing the maximum size and weight of vehicles differ between
states in the US. However, since the majority of hauling is done on the
interstate system, the vast majority of trucks and trailers made in the US
are built to the specifications of the Department of Transportation (D.O.T.),
which governs the use of the interstate system. The D.O.T. has established
these vehicle limits: 102 inches wide, 13.5 feet in height, and 80,000 lbs
gross weight. [2] These limits can be exceeded as individual states have the
right to issue temporary oversize and/or overweight permits.
Trailer dimensions vary greatly, depending on the amount and type of cargo
it was designed to haul. (See types of trailers under Construction, below |
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