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From Wikipedia, the
free encyclopedia Hairstyling
products are used to change the texture or shape of the hair, or to hold it
in place in a certain style. Applied properly, most styling products will
not damage the hair apart from drying it out; most styling products contain
alcohols, which can dissolve oils. Many hair products contain chemicals
which can cause build-up, resulting in dull hair or a change in perceived
texture.Hair wax is a thick hairstyling product containing wax, used to
assist with holding the hair. It does not harden like products such as hair
gel, but remains pliable. Hair wax has been used for many years. In fact, a
waxy soap-like substance was invented by the ancient Gauls as a hair styling
agent and was not used as a cleaning agent until many years later. Hair wax
is currently experiencing an increase in popularity, with many manufacturers
releasing versions, referred to as pomade, putty, glue, whip, and styling
paste.
Hair mousse is a toiletry added to hair for
extra volume and shine. It often comes in either spray or cream form. It
adds volume without any clumps or buildup.
Apply to hair when hair is wet or damp, not dry. Apply all around and comb
hair afterwards to make sure that the mousse is evenly spread.
Hair mousse is purple inside the can, but when released the isobutylene
makes it an off-shade white.
Pomade (also called pomatum) is a greasy or
waxy substance that is used to style hair. Pomade makes hair look slick and
shiny. Unlike hair spray and hair gel, pomade does not dry and often takes
several washes to remove - a special shampoo, though, may be used. Other
de-greasers include olive oil, dish washing liquid and lemon juice. Most
pomades contain petroleum jelly (and in fact petroleum jelly can be used
alone as a pomade) and mineral oil, and many also contain some sort of wax.
They may also contain perfume and coloring agents. A plethora of pomades are
still in production today and vary in factors such as weight, shine and
scent. The stiffest will have a higher proportion of beeswax while the
lightest may have a higher proportion of oils.
Hair spray (also hair lacquer, spritz, or
sticky water) is a common household aqueous solution that is used to keep
hair stiff or in a certain style. Weaker than hair gel, hair wax, or glue,
it is sprayed to hold styles for a long period. Using a pump or aerosol
spray nozzle, it sprays evenly over the hair. May leave hair feeling
"crunchy" unless brushed out. Hair spray was first developed and
manufactured in 1948 by Chase Products Company, based in Broadview,
Illinois.
Its active ingredient is a suitable polymer or the chemical elastesse.
Elastesse is a form of liquid elastic that keeps the hair stiff and firm
without snapping.
The solvent used was once a compound of carbon, fluorine, and chlorine (a
chlorofluorocarbon, or CFC). CFCs are nontoxic, nonflammable, and make
almost ideal aerosol propellants. However, when it was learned that they
cause destruction of stratospheric ozone, they were replaced with other
solvents, like alcohols and hydrocarbons.
One of the polymers used is polyvinylpyrrolidine, which is also used to glue
the layers of wood in plywood together. A non-water soluble polymer called
polydimethylsiloxane is added to make the hold last a bit longer (the
polyvinylpyrrolidine is water soluble). Pytocalcious chemicals are another
family of ingredients in hair spray, which increase the amount of minerals
in the hair's root causing the hair to become stiff.
Other polymers used in plastic-based hairsprays are copolymers with vinyl
acetate and copolymers with maleic anhydride.
Some hair sprays use natural polymers and solvents like vegetable gums
dissolved in alcohol. One popular ingedient is gum arabic is made from the
sap of certain trees that grow in the Sudan. Gum tragacanth is another
herbal gum that is used to stiffen calico and crepe, as well as hair.
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