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Credit Check

 
A credit score in the United States is a number representing the creditworthiness of a person or the likelihood that person will pay his or her debts. It has shown to be very predictive of risk, made credit more widely available to consumers and lowered the cost of providing credit.[1][2] A credit score is primarily based on a statistical analysis of a person's credit report information, typically from the three major American credit bureaus: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. Lenders, such as banks and credit card companies, use credit scores to evaluate the potential risk posed by lending money to consumers and to mitigate losses due to bad debt. Using credit scores, lenders determine who qualifies for a loan, at what interest rate, and to what credit limits. The Fair Isaac Corporation, known as FICO, created the first credit scoring system in 1958, for American Investments, and the first credit scoring system for a bank credit card in 1970, for American Bank and Trust.[3]

Each of the three credit bureaus may have different information about any particular person, and there are many different credit scoring models in use, which means a person may have several different credit scores simultaneously. Many lenders use third-party credit scoring systems, such as the FICO scoring model, NextGen, VantageScore, and the CE Score, to evaluate the creditworthiness of a borrower. Because a score does not consider race, sex or ethnicity, it is generally considered to be the most fair and objective underwriting tool available to lenders. The Federal Reserve Board did a study that noted scores have increased the availability of credit and reduced the cost of credit.[4] Scores have also proven to be very predictive in assessing risk.[4]

 

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