Blackhead
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From Wikipedia, the free
encyclopedia |
A blackhead (medically known as an open comedo[1] , plural
comedones[2]) is a yellow or blackish bump or plug on the skin. A blackhead
is a type of acne vulgaris. Contrary to the common belief that it is caused
by poor hygiene, blackheads are caused by excess oils that have accumulated
in the sebaceous gland's duct. The substance found in these bumps mostly
consists of keratin and modified sebum (an oily secretion of the sebaceous
gland), which darkens as it oxidizes.[3] Clogged hair follicles, where
blackheads often occur, reflect light irregularly to produce a blackhead's
"black" hue.[4] For this reason, the blockage might not necessarily look
black when extracted from the pore, but may have a more yellow-brown colour
as a result of its melanin content.
In contrast, a "whitehead" (more commonly known as a pimple or a closed
comedo)[5] is a follicle that is filled with the same material, sebum, but
has a microscopic opening to the skin surface. Since the air cannot reach
the follicle, the material is not oxidized, and remains white.Blackheads
do not necessarily need to be removed (the body often does this itself,
without any complications), but they may be treated with acne medication,
such as salicylic acid, exfoliants, topical retinoids, or they may be
extracted using a comedone extractor or blackhead strip - an adhesive,
tape-like strip which is adhered to the nose and removed about ten minutes
later, taking the blackheads underneath with it. [6]
Severe cases may require oral medication. Excess scrubbing and drying of
skin can increase sebum production of the pores, causing more blackheads.[7]
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